Which findings should be considered manifestations of an asthma exacerbation? Select all that apply.

During an asthma exacerbation, the body's response to airway obstruction and inflammation leads to several key physiological changes. Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, is a common manifestation during an exacerbation due to the body’s attempt to increase oxygen delivery in response to compromised lung function. As the airways constrict and oxygen exchange becomes less efficient, the heart compensates by beating faster.

Excess mucus production is another hallmark of an asthma exacerbation. Inflammation and irritation of the airways lead to increased mucus secretion, which can further obstruct the air passages and exacerbate breathing difficulties. This increased mucus can be part of the body's defense mechanism, attempting to trap and expel irritants.

Respiratory acidosis is also a potential outcome of an asthma exacerbation. As airway obstruction limits the ability to exhale carbon dioxide effectively, this can lead to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood, causing a drop in pH and resulting in respiratory acidosis.

In contrast, bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with asthma exacerbations. It may indicate a different physiological response not generally observed in this context. Thus, tachycardia, excess mucus production, and respiratory acidosis are all significant manifestations