What is the purpose of measuring PSA levels in the context of prostate examination?

Measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels serves the purpose of aiding in the screening and monitoring for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland, and elevated levels can indicate the presence of prostate cancer, although they can also be influenced by benign conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis.

In the context of screening, PSA levels can help identify men who may be at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, particularly in those who are asymptomatic. The results can guide further diagnostic evaluations, such as biopsies, if PSA levels are significantly elevated. Additionally, PSA testing is also used to monitor patients who have already been diagnosed with prostate cancer, helping to assess treatment effectiveness and detect any recurrence of the disease.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary role of PSA testing. While it may play a part in understanding prostate conditions or overall health, its core function is linked specifically to prostate cancer screening and monitoring.