What is the main goal of hydroxyurea therapy in sickle cell disease management?

The main goal of hydroxyurea therapy in the management of sickle cell disease is to reduce the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises. Hydroxyurea works by increasing the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the red blood cells. HbF has a higher affinity for oxygen and does not tend to polymerize, which is the process that leads to the sickling of cells. By elevating levels of HbF, hydroxyurea helps decrease the sickling of red blood cells and subsequently reduces the incidence of these painful crises that occur when sickled cells block blood flow in the microcirculation.

Elevating fetal hemoglobin levels also contributes to improved red blood cell function and overall blood flow, indirectly aiding in reducing complications from sickle cell disease. This therapeutic action illustrates the role of hydroxyurea not just in preventing pain but also in improving quality of life for individuals with the condition. Other methods mentioned, such as applying heat or treating infections, do not directly address the fundamental pathophysiological processes leading to vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease.