What is a common complication associated with aging and pulmonary disease?

As individuals age, their pulmonary function undergoes several physiological changes that can lead to an increased risk for cough. Aging can cause a decline in ciliary function, diminished lung elasticity, and reduced immune response, all of which can contribute to the likelihood of developing chronic pulmonary conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or lung infections. These conditions often feature a persistent cough as a result of airway inflammation or irritation.

Moreover, older adults tend to have a higher prevalence of respiratory conditions that may cause cough, such as pneumonia or bronchitis, which are more common due to age-related changes in the immune system. This susceptibility means that older adults may frequently experience coughing as their bodies attempt to clear secretions and respond to irritants more effectively.

In contrast, other options imply stable or improved conditions that are not generally consistent with the aging process in pulmonary health. For example, normal lung capacity is typically not seen in older adults due to age-related decline in lung function. Similarly, decreased dyspnea does not align with the common experience of older adults, who may find it more challenging to breathe due to reduced pulmonary reserve. An increased respiratory rate can occur in response to other conditions, but it is not a direct or guaranteed complication associated with