In the context of HIV, which factor contributes to opportunistic infections?

In the context of HIV infection, the correct answer is the increased destruction of CD4+ T helper lymphocytes. CD4+ T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in orchestrating the immune response to infections. They help activate other immune cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and B cells, which are necessary for effectively combating pathogens.

HIV specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, leading to a significant depletion of these cells over time. As the number of CD4+ T cells decreases, the immune system becomes increasingly compromised, making the individual more susceptible to opportunistic infections. These infections typically occur when the immune system is weakened to a level where it can no longer respond adequately to pathogens that would normally be controlled. Therefore, individuals with a low CD4+ T cell count are at a higher risk for infections from organisms that typically do not cause disease in individuals with robust immune systems.

In contrast, factors such as increased neutrophil activity, elevated levels of CD8+ T lymphocytes, and enhanced production of blood cells do not contribute to the vulnerability to opportunistic infections in the same direct manner. Instead, they may play roles in the overall immune response, but without the