All of the following are risk factors for anemia except?

A balanced vegetarian diet is not typically a risk factor for anemia when it is carefully planned and includes adequate sources of iron and other essential nutrients. While vegetarian diets can pose a risk for anemia if not managed properly, individuals who are informed and deliberate about their nutrient intake can successfully obtain sufficient iron from plant-based sources such as legumes, leafy greens, seeds, and fortified foods. Additionally, these diets often emphasize a variety of foods that can enhance iron absorption, such as those high in vitamin C.

In contrast, heavy menstrual bleeding can lead to a significant loss of iron, contributing to anemia. Ulcerative colitis can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and malabsorption of nutrients, also increasing the risk of developing anemia. Poor nutrition is a direct cause of anemia, as inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals can lead to deficiencies affecting red blood cell production. Therefore, being on a balanced vegetarian diet, when appropriately managed, does not inherently pose a risk for anemia.